Stages of child development approach is another theme in the analysis of student component under this one the teacher are there to analyse the child in terms of sequence of stages of normal development. Children begin to socialize and play cooperatively with other children. They acquire important skills to get along with others such as turn-taking, sharing and following instructions, as well as skills that will help them academically such as drawing, counting, reading, and writing.
Early child development usually follows a sequence, as the child needs to master one skill before he can acquire the next, but all children develop at their own rate.
At times, a child may take a long time to master a new skill; at other times, he may seem to skip a skill in the expected sequence in his speed of development. Identifying risks, concerns or delays requires interpretation within the entire context of the child. The last sub-theme of the first component is learning strategies approach is focuses on how children with learning disabilities go about learning. Learning strategies are used by students to help them understand information and solve problems.
A learning strategy is a person's approach to learning and using information. Students who do not know or use good learning strategies often learn passively and ultimately fail in school. Learning strategy instruction focuses on making the students more active learners by teaching them how to learn and how to use what they have learned to solve problems and be successful.
Compared to traditional learning models, sufficient time, attention, and help are afforded to each student. This paper investigates the mastery learning model and changes that have taken place in its use as an effective teaching strategy. This paper shows that by applying mastery learning as a teaching strategy, students achieve higher learning and better academic performance. Special technique approach is the second sub —theme which offer a highly differentiated teaching.
This paper will investigate the mastery learning model and changes that have taken place in its use as an effective teaching strategy. By definition, mastery learning is a method of instruction where the focus is on the role of feedback in learning. Material Approach is the last sub theme in the second component of the three strand model this takes the ability of a teacher to choose the right material to teacher which has been published by different publishers ,Since the end of s, there has been a movement to make learners rather than teachers the center of language learning.
According to this approach to teaching, learners are more important than teachers, materials, curriculum, methods, or evaluation. As a matter of fact, curriculum, materials, teaching methods, and evaluation should all be designed for learners and their needs. It is the teacher's responsibility to check to see whether all of the elements of the learning process are working well for learners and to adapt them if they are not Materials include textbooks, video and audio tapes, computer software, and visual aids.
They influence the content and the procedures of learning. The choice of deductive versus s inductive learning, the role of memorization, the use of creativity and problem solving, production vs. The last component of significance is the analysis of the environment which is the body of approaches analyse environment in which learning takes place in it there are three sub — themes.
The Behavioural Approach concentrate on the environmental conditions surrounding learning. Human behaviour is learned, thus all behaviour can be unlearned and new behaviours learned in its place. Behaviourism is concerned primarily with the observable and measurable aspects of human behaviour. Therefore when behaviour is become unacceptable, they can be unlearned. Learning and teaching for sustainability is more than providing students with content related to the framework themes.
It also addresses learning skills, perspectives, and values that guide and motivate people to seek sustainable livelihoods, participate in a democratic society, and live in a sustainable manner. Learning and teaching for sustainability is often referred to as Education for Sustainability or Education for Sustainable Development and involves studying local and, when appropriate, global issues. Simply adding content to the curriculum will not be feasible in most circumstances; a full curriculum already exists.
To be successful, learning and teaching for sustainability must go beyond teaching about global issues. It must give students practical skills that will enable them to continue learning after they graduate, to contribute to a sustainable livelihood, and to live sustainable lives. These skills will differ with community conditions. The following list demonstrates the types of skills students will need to fulfil their professional and personal goals and objectives in the face of an ever changing world: Finally it can be deduced that the three strand model has three component in it of which again in the three components there are sub-themes in each component.
For instance in the analysis of students there are three sub-themes or approaches such as Cognitive process Approach it is vital to understand that Cognition refers to mental activity including thinking, remembering, learning and using language. Recognizing the connections between thinking skills and mastery learning. Educational Leadership, 47 5 , Arlin, M.
Teachers also make use of videos that will be discussing in the coming points. Audio aids help to improve the listening and communication skills. As mentioned, there are different types of learners in a classroom and auditory learners are a part of it.
Using audio teaching aids will help that segment to a great extent. The affect of music on the brain has been proven. Hence, some teachers play music in the classroom to destress their students and increase their interest in the lessons. Videos and animations are used in the classroom to explain concepts better. With the development of technology, students have the opportunity to actually see how digestion takes place, understand the water cycle, can understand motion of vehicles, everything can be explained in a much detailed and better manner.
Students understand new concepts better when they see it and experience it firsthand. Teaching aids play an important part in the teaching-learning process. It presents information in a new and helpful manner so that students get a better understanding of what they are taught.
In addition to this, using different kinds of teaching aids in the classroom help teachers to reach the different kinds of learners in the classroom.
There is a thin line of difference between teaching aids and instructional materials. It lies in the fact that instructional materials are usually a part of the curriculum. Teaching aids, on the other hand, are used as an extra material that helps to make the learning smooth. Phani Kumar phani gmail. Satya Sri Durga satya14sri gmail. Audio-visual aids are sensitive tools and instructional 1 devices. They are helpful in teaching and learning of accent, pronunciation, articulation, grammar, vocabulary and sentence structure.
Mobile apps are used for teaching or learning English language skills. Keywords: Authentic Materials, Mobile Apps, Technological Aids and Tools Introduction In the present globalised scenario English is the unique language for communication in all aspects.
Everyone has to use English for communication in their day-to-day life. It is inevitable for all the people to learn English. As it is a foreign language, learners cannot understand English as they understand their mother-tongue. They feel that teaching and learning of English is not an easy process. Hyland , p. The above cited statements reveal that learners need authentic materials or tools which help and motivate them in teaching-learning process.
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